A) DRDO
B) ISRO
C) Indian Railways
D)HAL
✅ Answer: C) Indian Railways
Explanation: Hydrogen-powered trains use hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity, producing only water as a by-product. India launched its first hydrogen-powered passenger train as part of its green transportation initiative to reduce carbon emissions.
2. Vikram-1 launch vehicle is developed by:
A) Agnikul Cosmos
B) Skyroot Aerospace
C) DRDO
D) HAL
✅ Answer: B) Skyroot Aerospace
Explanation: Vikram-1 is a private launch vehicle developed by Skyroot Aerospace, a Hyderabad-based space startup. It is named after Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of the Indian space program.
3. Anil Menon is associated with which organization?
A) ESA
B) NASA
C) JAXA
D) Roscosmos
✅ Answer: B) NASA
Explanation: Anil Menon is an Indian-origin NASA astronaut selected for space missions to the International Space Station (ISS). He previously worked as a flight surgeon and SpaceX medical officer.
4. Red Fort was closed to the public from July 15 to August 15 due to preparations for:
A) Republic Day
B) G20 Summit
C) Independence Day
D) Army Day
✅ Answer: C) Independence Day
Explanation: Every year, the Prime Minister hoists the national flag from the Red Fort on Independence Day (15 August). Security arrangements and rehearsals require temporary closure of the monument.
5. e-OCI Card is related to:
A) Digital Currency
B) Overseas Citizens of India
C) Online Census
D) Election Reforms
✅ Answer: B) Overseas Citizens of India
Explanation: The e-OCI initiative digitizes OCI services, making it easier for Overseas Citizens of India to access documentation and consular services online.
6. FCRA stands for:
A) Foreign Contribution Regulation Act
B) Federal Contribution Reform Act
C) Foreign Currency Reserve Act
D) Financial Credit Regulation Act
✅ Answer: A) Foreign Contribution Regulation Act
Explanation: FCRA regulates foreign donations and funding received by individuals, associations, and NGOs in India to ensure transparency and national security.
7. SUMAN Roadmap 2030 is mainly associated with:
A) Defence
B) Health Sector
C) Agriculture
D) Sports
✅ Answer: B) Health Sector
Explanation: SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan) focuses on improving maternal and newborn healthcare services across India.
8. Which fuel is used in Hydrogen-Powered Trains?
A) Diesel
B) Coal
C) Hydrogen
D) Natural Gas
✅ Answer: C) Hydrogen
Explanation: Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing water and clean energy.
9. Vikram-1 belongs to which sector?
A) Banking
B) Space Technology
C) Agriculture
D) Railways
✅ Answer: B) Space Technology
Explanation: Vikram-1 is a satellite launch vehicle designed to place satellites into orbit and strengthen India's private space ecosystem.
10. The International Space Station (ISS) is primarily used for:
A) Tourism
B) Military Operations
C) Scientific Research
D) Weather Forecasting Only
✅ Answer: C) Scientific Research
Explanation: The ISS serves as a laboratory in space where astronauts conduct experiments in biology, physics, medicine, and other scientific fields.
11. Which organization operates the International Space Station (ISS) in collaboration with international partners?
A) UNESCO
B) NASA
C) WTO
D) IMF
✅ Answer: B) NASA
Explanation: NASA leads the ISS program along with Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada). The ISS is the largest human-made structure in space.
12. Hydrogen fuel cell technology primarily produces:
A) Carbon Dioxide
B) Methane
C) Water and Electricity
D) Coal Ash
✅ Answer: C) Water and Electricity
Explanation: In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to generate electricity. Water is the only by-product, making it an environmentally friendly technology.
13. Skyroot Aerospace is headquartered in:
A) Bengaluru
B) Hyderabad
C) Chennai
D) Pune
✅ Answer: B) Hyderabad
Explanation: Skyroot Aerospace is a Hyderabad-based private space startup and the developer of the Vikram series of launch vehicles.
14. The OCI scheme is administered by which ministry?
A) Ministry of Defence
B) Ministry of Home Affairs
C) Ministry of Education
D) Ministry of Finance
✅ Answer: B) Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) cards are issued under the Ministry of Home Affairs to eligible foreign citizens of Indian origin.
15. Which day is celebrated as Independence Day in India?
A) 26 January
B) 2 October
C) 15 August
D) 14 November
✅ Answer: C) 15 August
Explanation: India gained independence from British rule on 15 August 1947. The Prime Minister hoists the national flag at Red Fort on this day.
16. The term "Green Transportation" is most closely associated with:
A) Coal-powered Vehicles
B) Eco-friendly Transport Systems
C) Diesel Locomotives
D) Steam Engines
✅ Answer: B) Eco-friendly Transport Systems
Explanation: Green transportation aims to reduce pollution and carbon emissions through technologies such as electric vehicles and hydrogen-powered trains.
17. Which Indian scientist is known as the "Father of the Indian Space Programme"?
A) Homi Bhabha
B) Vikram Sarabhai
C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Satish Dhawan
✅ Answer: B) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai laid the foundation of India's space program and established institutions that later evolved into ISRO.
18. The Red Fort is located in:
A) Mumbai
B) Agra
C) New Delhi
D) Jaipur
✅ Answer: C) New Delhi
Explanation: The Red Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and is located in Old Delhi.
19. The objective of FCRA is to:
A) Regulate Foreign Contributions
B) Promote Exports
C) Increase Tax Revenue
D) Regulate Imports
✅ Answer: A) Regulate Foreign Contributions
Explanation: FCRA ensures that foreign donations received by individuals and organizations are used transparently and do not affect national interests.
20. Which gas combines with hydrogen in a fuel cell to generate electricity?
A) Nitrogen
B) Helium
C) Oxygen
D) Argon
✅ Answer: C) Oxygen
Explanation: Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The process produces electricity, heat, and water.
21. Which ministry is primarily responsible for implementing the FCRA in India?
A) Ministry of Finance
B) Ministry of Home Affairs
C) Ministry of External Affairs
D) Ministry of Law & Justice
✅ Answer: B) Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) is administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), which regulates foreign donations received by individuals and organizations in India.
22. Vikram-1 is designed mainly to launch:
A) Missiles
B) Satellites
C) Aircraft
D) Submarines
✅ Answer: B) Satellites
Explanation: Vikram-1 is a small satellite launch vehicle developed by Skyroot Aerospace to place satellites into low Earth orbit.
23. The main objective of hydrogen-powered trains is to:
A) Increase coal consumption
B) Reduce carbon emissions
C) Increase diesel use
D) Promote steam engines
✅ Answer: B) Reduce carbon emissions
Explanation: Hydrogen-powered trains are eco-friendly because they emit only water vapor, helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
24. The International Space Station (ISS) orbits around:
A) Mars
B) Moon
C) Earth
D) Venus
✅ Answer: C) Earth
Explanation: The ISS revolves around Earth at an altitude of about 400 km and completes one orbit approximately every 90 minutes.
25. Which Mughal emperor built the Red Fort?
A) Akbar
B) Babur
C) Shah Jahan
D) Aurangzeb
✅ Answer: C) Shah Jahan
Explanation: The Red Fort was constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century when he shifted his capital from Agra to Delhi.
26. The headquarters of NASA is located in:
A) New York
B) Washington, D.C.
C) Chicago
D) Houston
✅ Answer: B) Washington, D.C.
Explanation: NASA's headquarters is located in Washington, D.C., while major space centers are spread across different U.S. states.
27. Which of the following is a renewable and clean fuel?
A) Petrol
B) Coal
C) Hydrogen
D) Diesel
✅ Answer: C) Hydrogen
Explanation: Hydrogen is considered a clean fuel because its use in fuel cells produces electricity with water as the only by-product.
28. The term "OCI" stands for:
A) Overseas Citizen of India
B) Official Citizen of India
C) Overseas Council of India
D) Online Citizen Identity
✅ Answer: A) Overseas Citizen of India
Explanation: OCI is a form of permanent residency available to foreign citizens of Indian origin, allowing multiple-entry lifelong visas to India.
29. Which city is the headquarters of Skyroot Aerospace?
A) Bengaluru
B) Mumbai
C) Hyderabad
D) Ahmedabad
✅ Answer: C) Hyderabad
Explanation: Skyroot Aerospace, India's leading private space startup, is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana.
30. Independence Day 2026 will mark how many years of India's independence?
A) 77 Years
B) 78 Years
C) 79 Years
D) 80 Years
✅ Answer: C) 79 Years
Explanation: India became independent on 15 August 1947. Therefore, Independence Day 2026 marks the completion of 79 years of independence.
31. Which organization is responsible for conducting India's Census?
A) NITI Aayog
B) Election Commission of India
C) Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
D) RBI
✅ Answer: C) Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
Explanation: The Census of India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is the world's largest administrative exercise.
32. The International Space Station travels at an approximate speed of:
A) 2,000 km/h
B) 7,700 km/h
C) 28,000 km/h
D) 50,000 km/h
✅ Answer: C) 28,000 km/h
Explanation: The ISS moves at about 28,000 km/h, allowing it to orbit Earth approximately every 90 minutes.
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33. Which of the following is a benefit of hydrogen fuel cells?
A) High Carbon Emission
B) Water as a By-product
C) Coal Consumption
D) Sulphur Emission
✅ Answer: B) Water as a By-product
Explanation: Hydrogen fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, producing only water and heat as by-products.
34. Which Indian state is home to Skyroot Aerospace?
A) Karnataka
B) Maharashtra
C) Telangana
D) Gujarat
✅ Answer: C) Telangana
Explanation: Skyroot Aerospace is headquartered in Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana.
35. Red Fort is situated on the banks of which river?
A) Ganga
B) Yamuna
C) Godavari
D) Narmada
✅ Answer: B) Yamuna
Explanation: The Red Fort was strategically built on the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi.
36. Which constitutional amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years?
A) 42nd Amendment
B) 44th Amendment
C) 61st Amendment
D) 73rd Amendment
✅ Answer: C) 61st Amendment
Explanation: The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years.
37. The headquarters of ISRO is located in:
A) Chennai
B) Bengaluru
C) Hyderabad
D) New Delhi
✅ Answer: B) Bengaluru
Explanation: ISRO's headquarters is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, and oversees India's space missions and satellite programs.
38. Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with citizenship?
A) Articles 5–11
B) Articles 12–18
C) Articles 19–22
D) Articles 25–28
✅ Answer: A) Articles 5–11
Explanation: Articles 5 to 11 of the Constitution deal with citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution and empower Parliament to regulate citizenship laws.
39. Hydrogen is the:
A) Heaviest Element
B) Lightest Element
C) Most Radioactive Element
D) Densest Element
✅ Answer: B) Lightest Element
Explanation: Hydrogen, with atomic number 1, is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.
40. Which of the following is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) India Gate
B) Rashtrapati Bhavan
C) Red Fort Complex
D) Parliament House
✅ Answer: C) Red Fort Complex
Explanation: The Red Fort Complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 due to its outstanding historical and architectural significance.
41. Which ministry oversees India's space activities through ISRO?
A) Ministry of Defence
B) Ministry of Science & Technology
C) Department of Space
D) Ministry of Home Affairs
✅ Answer: C) Department of Space
Explanation: ISRO functions under the Department of Space (DOS), which reports directly to the Prime Minister of India.
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42. Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through:
A) Combustion Process
B) Nuclear Reaction
C) Electrochemical Reaction
D) Mechanical Friction
✅ Answer: C) Electrochemical Reaction
Explanation: Hydrogen and oxygen combine in a fuel cell through an electrochemical reaction to produce electricity, heat, and water.
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43. The headquarters of the Ministry of Home Affairs is located in:
A) Mumbai
B) New Delhi
C) Hyderabad
D) Kolkata
✅ Answer: B) New Delhi
Explanation: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is headquartered in North Block, New Delhi, and handles internal security and citizenship matters.
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44. Which organization is known as India's national space agency?
A) DRDO
B) HAL
C) ISRO
D) BARC
✅ Answer: C) ISRO
Explanation: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's premier space agency responsible for satellite launches, planetary missions, and space research.
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45. The primary purpose of the OCI card is to:
A) Grant Indian Citizenship
B) Allow lifelong visa-free travel to India
C) Permit voting rights in India
D) Provide government jobs
✅ Answer: B) Allow lifelong visa-free travel to India
Explanation: OCI cardholders receive multiple-entry lifelong visas and several benefits, but they do not receive voting rights or full citizenship.
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46. Which gas is the most abundant element in the universe?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Helium
D) Hydrogen
✅ Answer: D) Hydrogen
Explanation: Hydrogen constitutes about 75% of the universe's normal matter and serves as the primary fuel for stars.
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47. The Prime Minister hoists the National Flag on Independence Day at:
A) India Gate
B) Parliament House
C) Red Fort
D) Rashtrapati Bhavan
✅ Answer: C) Red Fort
Explanation: Since 1947, the Prime Minister has hoisted the national flag from the ramparts of the Red Fort every Independence Day.
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48. Which Indian constitutional body conducts elections in India?
A) UPSC
B) Election Commission of India
C) NITI Aayog
D) CAG
✅ Answer: B) Election Commission of India
Explanation: The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for conducting free and fair elections.
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49. The term "green energy" refers to energy produced from:
A) Coal and Petroleum
B) Environment-Friendly Sources
C) Diesel Generators
D) Thermal Power Only
✅ Answer: B) Environment-Friendly Sources
Explanation: Green energy comes from renewable and environmentally friendly sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and hydrogen energy.
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50. Which among the following is India's highest civilian award?
A) Padma Shri
B) Padma Bhushan
C) Bharat Ratna
D) Padma Vibhushan
✅ Answer: C) Bharat Ratna
Explanation: Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, instituted in 1954 for exceptional service in any field of human endeavor.
July 2026 Current Affairs MCQs (51–60) with Explanations
51. Which Indian private space company developed the Vikram series of launch vehicles?
A) Agnikul Cosmos
B) Bellatrix Aerospace
C) Skyroot Aerospace
D) Dhruva Space
✅ Answer: C) Skyroot Aerospace
Explanation: Skyroot Aerospace is a Hyderabad-based private space startup. Its Vikram series of rockets is named after Dr. Vikram Sarabhai.
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52. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in:
A) Geneva
B) Paris
C) New York
D) Vienna
✅ Answer: C) New York
Explanation: The United Nations Headquarters is located in New York City, USA. It serves as the main administrative center of the UN.
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53. Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees Equality Before Law?
A) Article 14
B) Article 19
C) Article 21
D) Article 32
✅ Answer: A) Article 14
Explanation: Article 14 ensures equality before law and equal protection of laws to all persons within India.
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54. Hydrogen is placed in which group of the modern periodic table?
A) Group 1
B) Group 2
C) Group 17
D) Group 18
✅ Answer: A) Group 1
Explanation: Hydrogen is placed above alkali metals in Group 1 because it has one electron in its outermost shell.
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55. Which organization regulates India's banking system?
A) SEBI
B) RBI
C) NABARD
D) SIDBI
✅ Answer: B) RBI
Explanation: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central bank and regulates the banking and monetary system.
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56. Who is known as the "Missile Man of India"?
A) Vikram Sarabhai
B) Homi Bhabha
C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Satish Dhawan
✅ Answer: C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Explanation: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam earned this title due to his significant contributions to India's missile and defense programs.
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57. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Helium
✅ Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes significantly to global warming.
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58. The Election Commission of India is mentioned under which Article?
A) Article 280
B) Article 324
C) Article 356
D) Article 368
✅ Answer: B) Article 324
Explanation: Article 324 provides for the Election Commission and vests it with the power of superintendence and control of elections.
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59. Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?
A) Venus
B) Jupiter
C) Mars
D) Saturn
✅ Answer: C) Mars
Explanation: Mars appears red due to the presence of iron oxide (rust) on its surface.
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60. Which Indian city is known as the "Silicon Valley of India"?
A) Hyderabad
B) Pune
C) Bengaluru
D) Chennai
✅ Answer: C) Bengaluru
Explanation: Bengaluru is called the Silicon Valley of India because it is the country's leading IT and technology hub.
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